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ASSOCIATION BETWEEN FLUID AND SODIUM INTAKE WITH FLUID OVERLOAD AMONG HAEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS IN KLANG VALLEY, MALAYSIA
Ang Yeu Leng1, Eva Liew Ker Hui1, Shanthi Dhandapani1, Kelly Num Sze Fang1, Winnie Chee Siew Swee1
1Dept of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Haemodialysis (HD) is one of the therapies to manage end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Fluid overload is a common complication among HD patients which associated with adverse clinical outcomes. This study determines the association between fluid and sodium intake with fluid overload among HD patients in Klang Valley, Malaysia.
METHODOLOGY: This was a cross-sectional study using a convenience sampling in recruiting subjects. 107 HD subjects were recruited from HD centres in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Socio-demographic information was ascertained using a set of adapted questionnaires while clinical data was gathered from medical records. Sodium and fluid intake were assessed using diet history questionnaire and modified food frequency questionnaire respectively. Descriptive statistics and Spearman correlation coefficient were used in data analysis.
RESULTS: Among subjects, 37.4% of them experienced fluid overload. The mean daily dietary sodium intake was estimated as 1521.44 ± 840.98 mg. The median of total daily fluid intake was estimated as 1303 ml. There are 93% of fluid overload subjects had more than 800 ml of fluid and 27.5% of them had more than 2000 mg of sodium daily. Result showed no significance association between socio-demographic and clinical characteristics with fluid overload (p > 0.05). There was no significant association between dietary sodium (p > 0.05) and fluid intake (p > 0.05) with fluid overload in HD patients.
CONCLUSION: The mean sodium intake was lower than recommendation (1521.44 mg). The median of total daily fluid intake was 1303 ml. Daily dietary sodium and fluid intake had no significant association with fluid overload among HD patients. As there might be prevalence of underreporting diet intake, it might underestimate the population sodium intake. There were difficulties in quantifying dietary sodium because sodium content for outsides and home cooked foods varies. The results of association between daily fluid intake and fluid overload could be contradicting to other studies because the guidelines of interdialytic weight